Obbligazione Royal Bank of Canada 0% ( US78013XHR26 ) in USD

Royal Bank of Canada

100 USD ⇌

Canada

US78013XHR26 ( in USD )

11/04/2022 - Obbligazione è scaduto

Prospetto opuscolo dell'obbligazione Royal Bank of Canada US78013XHR26 in USD 0%, scaduta

1 000 USD

7 545 000 USD

78013XHR2

N/A

La Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) è una delle più grandi banche del Canada, con attività a livello globale nei settori della gestione patrimoniale, dei servizi finanziari e dell'investimento.

L'obbligazione Royal Bank of Canada (ISIN: US78013XHR26, CUSIP: 78013XHR2), emessa in Canada in USD, con un tasso di interesse dello 0%, per un ammontare totale di 7.545.000 unità, scadenza 11/04/2022, cedola semestrale e taglio minimo di 1.000, è giunta a scadenza ed è stata rimborsata al 100%.

424B2 1 form424b2.htm SPX ERN W BUFF NO CAP SPX-CP-06
RBC Ca pit a l M a rk e t s®
File d Pursua nt t o Rule 4 2 4 (b)(2 )
Re gist ra t ion St a t e m e nt N o. 3 3 3 -
2 0 8 5 0 7

The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed.

Pricing Supplement
$7,545,000

Buffered Return Notes
Dated April 6, 2018
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
To the Product Prospectus Supplement ERN-EI-1 Dated January 12,
Due April 11, 2022
2016, Prospectus Supplement Dated January 8, 2016, and Prospectus
Dated January 8, 2016
Royal Bank of Canada

Royal Bank of Canada is offering the Buffered Return Notes (the "Notes") linked to the performance of the S&P 500® Index (the "Reference Asset").
The CUSIP number for the Notes is 78013XHR2. The Notes do not pay interest. The Notes provide a 91.00% leveraged positive return if the level of the
Reference Asset increases from the Initial Level to the Final Level, of the principal amount of the Notes. Investors will lose 1% of the principal amount of the
Notes for each 1% decrease from the Initial Level to the Final Level of more than 20%. Any payments on the Notes are subject to our credit risk.
Issue Date: April 11, 2018
Maturity Date: April 11, 2022
The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.
Investing in the Notes involves a number of risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-1 of the prospectus supplement dated January 8, 2016,
"Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes" beginning on page PS-4 of the product prospectus supplement dated January 12, 2016, and "Selected Risk
Considerations" beginning on page P-6 of this pricing supplement.
The Notes will not constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other
Canadian or U.S. government agency or instrumentality.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that
this pricing supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Per Note

Total
Price to public(1)
100.00%
$7,545,000.00
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)
2.25%
$169,762.50
Proceeds to Royal Bank of Canada
97.75%
$7,375,237.50
(1)Certain dealers who purchase the Notes for sale to certain fee-based advisory accounts may forego some or all of their underwriting discount or selling
concessions. The public offering price for investors purchasing the Notes in these accounts may be between $977.50 and $1,000 per $1,000 in principal
amount.
The initial estimated value of the Notes as of the date of this pricing supplement is $954.48 per $1,000 in principal amount, which is less than the price to
public. The actual value of the Notes at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted with accuracy, and may be less than this amount. We
describe our determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC, which we refer to as RBCCM, acting as agent for Royal Bank of Canada, received a commission of $22.50 per $1,000 in
principal amount of the Notes and used a portion of that commission to allow selling concessions to other dealers of up to $22.50 per $1,000 in principal
amount of the Notes. The other dealers may forgo, in their sole discretion, some or all of their selling concessions. See "Supplemental Plan of Distribution
(Conflicts of Interest)" below.

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

SU M M ARY
The information in this "Summary" section is qualified by the more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement, the
product prospectus supplement, the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus.

Issuer:
Royal Bank of Canada ("Royal Bank")

Issue:
Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series G

Underwriter:
RBC Capital Markets, LLC ("RBCCM")

Reference Asset:
S&P 500® Index

Bloomberg Ticker:
SPX

Currency:
U.S. Dollars

Minimum Investment:
$1,000 and minimum denominations of $1,000 in excess thereof

Pricing Date:
April 6, 2018

Issue Date:
April 11, 2018

CUSIP:
78013XHR2

Valuation Date:
April 6, 2022

Payment at Maturity
If, on the Valuation Date, the Percentage Change is posit ive , then the investor will receive an
(if held to maturity):
amount per $1,000 principal amount per Note equal to:
Principal Amount + (Principal Amount x Percentage Change x Leverage Factor)
If, on the Valuation Date, the Percentage Change is le ss t ha n or e qua l t o 0 % , but not by
m ore t ha n the Buffer Percentage (that is, the Percentage Change is between zero and -20.00%),
then the investor will receive the principal amount only.
If, on the Valuation Date, the Percentage Change is ne ga t ive , by m ore t ha n the Buffer
Percentage (that is, the Percentage Change is between -20.01% and -100%), then the investor will
receive a cash payment equal to:
Principal Amount + [Principal Amount x (Percentage Change + Buffer Percentage)]

Percentage Change:
The Percentage Change, expressed as a percentage, is calculated using the following formula:

Initial Level:
2,604.47, which was the closing level of the Reference Asset on the Pricing Date.

Final Level:
The closing level of the Reference Asset on the Valuation Date.

Leverage Factor:
91.00%

Buffer Percentage:
20.00%

Buffer Level:
2,083.58, which is 80.00% of the Initial Level (rounded to two decimal places)

Maturity Date:
April 11, 2022, subject to extension for market and other disruptions, as described in the product
prospectus supplement dated January 12, 2016.

Term:
Approximately four (4) years

P-2
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

Principal at Risk:
T he N ot e s a re NOT princ ipa l prot e c t e d. Y ou m a y lose a subst a nt ia l port ion of your
princ ipa l a m ount a t m a t urit y if t he Fina l Le ve l is le ss t ha n t he Buffe r Le ve l.

Calculation Agent:
RBCCM

U.S. Tax Treatment:
By purchasing a Note, each holder agrees (in the absence of a change in law, an administrative
determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary) to treat the Note as a pre-paid cash-settled
derivative contract for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, the U.S. federal income tax
consequences of your investment in the Notes are uncertain and the Internal Revenue Service could
assert that the Notes should be taxed in a manner that is different from that described in the
preceding sentence. Please see the section below, "Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal
Income Tax Consequences," and the discussion (including the opinion of our counsel Morrison &
Foerster LLP) in the product prospectus supplement dated January 12, 2016 under "Supplemental
Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences," which apply to the Notes.

Secondary Market:
RBCCM (or one of its affiliates), though not obligated to do so, may maintain a secondary market in
the Notes after the Issue Date. T he a m ount t ha t you m a y re c e ive upon sa le of your
N ot e s prior t o m a t urit y m a y be le ss t ha n t he princ ipa l a m ount of your N ot e s.

Listing:
The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.

Clearance and
DTC global (including through its indirect participants Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg as
Settlement:
described under "Description of Debt Securities--Ownership and Book-Entry Issuance" in the
prospectus dated January 8, 2016).

Terms Incorporated
All of the terms appearing above the item captioned "Secondary Market" on pages P-2 and P-3 of
in the Master Note:
this pricing supplement and the terms appearing under the caption "General Terms of the Notes" in
the product prospectus supplement dated January 12, 2016, as modified by this pricing
supplement. In addition to those terms, the following two sentences are also so incorporated into the
master note: RBC confirms that it fully understands and is able to calculate the effective annual rate
of interest applicable to the Notes based on the methodology for calculating per annum rates
provided for in the Notes. The RBC irrevocably agrees not to plead or assert Section 4 of the
Interest Act (Canada), whether by way of defense or otherwise, in any proceeding relating to the
Notes.

P-3
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

ADDI T I ON AL T ERM S OF Y OU R N OT ES
You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus dated January 8, 2016, as supplemented by the prospectus
supplement dated January 8, 2016 and the product prospectus supplement dated January 12, 2016, relating to our Senior Global
Medium-Term Notes, Series G, of which these Notes are a part. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement
will have the meanings given to them in the product prospectus supplement. In the event of any conflict, this pricing supplement
will control. The Notes vary from the terms described in the product prospectus supplement in several important ways.
You should read this pricing supplement carefully.
This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes all prior or
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms,
correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, brochures or other educational materials of ours.
You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in "Risk Factors" in the prospectus supplement dated
January 8, 2016 and "Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes" in the product prospectus supplement dated January 12, 2016,
as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax,
accounting and other advisors before you invest in the Notes. You may access these documents on the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC") website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if that address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant
date on the SEC website):
Prospectus dated January 8, 2016:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000121465916008810/j18160424b3.htm
Prospectus Supplement dated January 8, 2016:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000121465916008811/p14150424b3.htm
Product Prospectus Supplement ERN-EI-1 dated January 12, 2016:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036116047560/form424b5.htm

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, "we," "us," or "our" refers to
Royal Bank of Canada.

P-4
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

H Y POT H ET I CAL RET U RN S
The examples set out below are included for illustration purposes only. The hypot he t ic a l Percentage Changes of the Reference
Asset used to illustrate the calculation of the Payment at Maturity (rounded to two decimal places) are not estimates or forecasts of
the Final Level or the level of the Reference Asset on any trading day prior to the Maturity Date. All examples are based on the
Buffer Percentage of 20.00%, the Buffer Level of 80.00% of the Initial Level, the Leverage Factor of 91.00%), and assume that a
holder purchased Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $1,000 and that no market disruption event occurs on the Valuation
Date.
Example 1--
Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Percentage Change is positive.

Percentage Change:
5%

Payment at Maturity:
$1,000 + ($1,000 x 5% x 91.00%) = $1,000 + $45.50 = $1,045.50

On a $1,000 investment, a 5% Percentage Change results in a Payment at Maturity of $1,045.50, a 4.55% return
on the Notes.
Example 2--
Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Percentage Change is negative (but not by more than the Buffer
Percentage).

Percentage Change:
-8%

Payment at Maturity:
At maturity, if the Percentage Change is negative BUT not by more than the Buffer
Percentage, then the Payment at Maturity will equal the principal amount.

On a $1,000 investment, a -8% Percentage Change results in a Payment at Maturity of $1,000, a 0% return on
the Notes.
Example 3--
Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Percentage Change is negative (by more than the Buffer
Percentage).

Percentage Change:
-35%
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

Payment at Maturity:
$1,000 + [$1,000 x (-35% + 20.00%)] = $1,000 - $150.00 = $850.00

On a $1,000 investment, a -35% Percentage Change results in a Payment at Maturity of $850.00, a -15.00%
return on the Notes.

P-5
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

SELECT ED RI SK CON SI DERAT I ON S
An investment in the Notes involves significant risks. Investing in the Notes is not equivalent to investing directly in the Reference
Asset. These risks are explained in more detail in the section "Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes," beginning on page
PS-4 of the product prospectus supplement. In addition to the risks described in the prospectus supplement and the product
prospectus supplement, you should consider the following:
·
Princ ipa l a t Risk Investors in the Notes could lose a substantial portion of their principal amount if there is a decline
in the level of the Reference Asset. You will lose 1% of the principal amount of your Notes for each 1% that the Final
Level is less than the Initial Level by more than 20%.
·
T he N ot e s Do N ot Pa y I nt e re st a nd Y our Re t urn M a y Be Low e r t ha n t he Re t urn on a Conve nt iona l
De bt Se c urit y of Com pa ra ble M a t urit y There will be no periodic interest payments on the Notes as there would
be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having the same maturity. The return that you will receive on
the Notes, which could be negative, may be less than the return you could earn on other investments. Even if your return
is positive, your return may be less than the return you would earn if you bought a conventional senior interest bearing debt
security of Royal Bank.
·
Pa ym e nt s on t he N ot e s Are Subje c t t o Our Cre dit Risk , a nd Cha nge s in Our Cre dit Ra t ings Are
Ex pe c t e d t o Affe c t t he M a rk e t V a lue of t he N ot e s The Notes are Royal Bank's senior unsecured debt
securities. As a result, your receipt of the amount due on the maturity date is dependent upon Royal Bank's ability to
repay its obligations at that time. This will be the case even if the level of the Reference Asset increases after the Pricing
Date. No assurance can be given as to what our financial condition will be at the maturity of the Notes.
·
T he re M a y N ot Be a n Ac t ive T ra ding M a rk e t for t he N ot e s--Sa le s in t he Se c onda ry M a rk e t M a y Re sult
in Signific a nt Losse s There may be little or no secondary market for the Notes. The Notes will not be listed on any
securities exchange. RBCCM and other affiliates of Royal Bank may make a market for the Notes; however, they are not
required to do so. RBCCM or any other affiliate of Royal Bank may stop any market-making activities at any time. Even if
a secondary market for the Notes develops, it may not provide significant liquidity or trade at prices advantageous to you.
We expect that transaction costs in any secondary market would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and
asked prices for your Notes in any secondary market could be substantial.
·
Y ou Will N ot H a ve Any Right s t o t he Se c urit ie s I nc lude d in t he Re fe re nc e Asse t As a holder of the
Notes, you will not have voting rights or rights to receive cash dividends or other distributions or other rights that holders of
securities included in the Reference Asset would have. The Final Level will not reflect any dividends paid on the securities
included in the Reference Asset, and the Leverage Factor is less than 100%. Accordingly, any positive return on the Notes
will be less than the potential positive return on those securities.
·
T he I nit ia l Est im a t e d V a lue of t he N ot e s I s Le ss t ha n t he Pric e t o t he Public The initial estimated value
set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of
our affiliates would be willing to purchase the Notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to
sell the Notes prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated
value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the level of the Reference Asset, the borrowing rate we pay to issue
securities of this kind, and the inclusion in the price to the public of the underwriting discount and the estimated costs
relating to our hedging of the Notes. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term
of the Notes, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the Notes in any secondary market and will
affect the value of the Notes in complex and unpredictable ways. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other
relevant factors, the price, if any, at which you may be able to sell your Notes prior to maturity may be less than your
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

original purchase price, as any such sale price would not be expected to include the underwriting discount and the hedging
costs relating to the Notes. In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value of the Notes determined by RBCCM for any secondary
market price is expected to be based on the secondary rate rather than the internal funding rate used to price the Notes
and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary price will be less than if the internal funding rate was
used. The Notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold
your Notes to maturity.

P-6
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

·
T he I nit ia l Est im a t e d V a lue of t he N ot e s is a n Est im a t e Only, Ca lc ula t e d a s of t he T im e t he T e rm s of
t he N ot e s We re Se t The initial estimated value of the Notes is based on the value of our obligation to make the
payments on the Notes, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the Notes. See
"Structuring the Notes" below. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our credit spreads,
expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility, and the expected term of the Notes. These assumptions are
based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities may value the Notes or
similar securities at a price that is significantly different than we do.
The value of the Notes at any time after the Pricing Date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market
conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold the Notes in
any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from the initial estimated value of your Notes.
·
M a rk e t Disrupt ion Eve nt s a nd Adjust m e nt s The payment at maturity and the Valuation Date are subject to
adjustment as described in the product prospectus supplement. For a description of what constitutes a market disruption
event as well as the consequences of that market disruption event, see "General Terms of the Notes--Market Disruption
Events" in the product prospectus supplement.

P-7
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

I N FORM AT I ON REGARDI N G T H E REFEREN CE ASSET
All disclosures contained in this pricing supplement regarding the Reference Asset, including, without limitation, its make up,
method of calculation, and changes in its components, have been derived from publicly available sources. The information reflects
the policies of, and is subject to change by, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC ("S&P"). S&P, which owns the copyright and all other
rights to the Reference Asset, has no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue publication of, the Reference Asset.
The consequences of S&P discontinuing publication of the Reference Asset are discussed in the section of the product prospectus
supplement entitled "General Terms of the Notes-- Unavailability of the Level of the Reference Asset on a Valuation Date." Neither
we nor RBCCM accepts any responsibility for the calculation, maintenance or publication of the Reference Asset or any successor
index.
The Reference Asset is intended to provide an indication of the pattern of common stock price movement. The calculation of the
level of the Reference Asset is based on the relative value of the aggregate market value of the common stocks of 500 companies
as of a particular time compared to the aggregate average market value of the common stocks of 500 similar companies during the
base period of the years 1941 through 1943.
S&P calculates the Reference Asset by reference to the prices of the constituent stocks of the Reference Asset without taking
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

account of the value of dividends paid on those stocks. As a result, the return on the Notes will not reflect the return you would
realize if you actually owned the Reference Asset constituent stocks and received the dividends paid on those stocks.
Effective with the September 2015 rebalance, consolidated share class lines will no longer be included in the Reference Asset.
Each share class line will be subject to public float and liquidity criteria individually, but the company's total market capitalization
will be used to evaluate each share class line. This may result in one listed share class line of a company being included in the
Reference Asset while a second listed share class line of the same company is excluded.
Com put a t ion of t he Re fe re nc e Asse t
While S&P currently employs the following methodology to calculate the Reference Asset, no assurance can be given that S&P will
not modify or change this methodology in a manner that may affect the Payment at Maturity.
Historically, the market value of any component stock of the Reference Asset was calculated as the product of the market price per
share and the number of then outstanding shares of such component stock. In March 2005, S&P began shifting the Reference
Asset halfway from a market capitalization weighted formula to a float-adjusted formula, before moving the Reference Asset to full
float adjustment on September 16, 2005. S&P's criteria for selecting stocks for the Reference Asset did not change with the shift to
float adjustment. However, the adjustment affects each company's weight in the Reference Asset.
Under float adjustment, the share counts used in calculating the Reference Asset reflect only those shares that are available to
investors, not all of a company's outstanding shares. Float adjustment excludes shares that are closely held by control groups,
other publicly traded companies or government agencies.
In September 2012, all shareholdings representing more than 5% of a stock's outstanding shares, other than holdings by "block
owners," were removed from the float for purposes of calculating the Reference Asset. Generally, these "control holders" will
include officers and directors, private equity, venture capital and special equity firms, other publicly traded companies that hold
shares for control, strategic partners, holders of restricted shares, ESOPs, employee and family trusts, foundations associated with
the company, holders of unlisted share classes of stock, government entities at all levels (other than government retirement/pension
funds) and any individual person who controls a 5% or greater stake in a company as reported in regulatory filings. However,
holdings by block owners, such as depositary banks, pension funds, mutual funds and ETF providers, 401(k) plans of the company,
government retirement/pension funds, investment funds of insurance companies, asset managers and investment funds,
independent foundations and savings and investment plans, will ordinarily be considered part of the float.
Treasury stock, stock options, equity participation units, warrants, preferred stock, convertible stock, and rights are not part of the
float. Shares held in a trust to allow investors in countries outside the country of domicile, such as depositary shares and Canadian
exchangeable shares are normally part of the float unless those shares form a control block.

P-8
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

For each stock, an investable weight factor ("IWF") is calculated by dividing the available float shares by the total shares
outstanding. Available float shares are defined as the total shares outstanding less shares held by control holders. This
calculation is subject to a 5% minimum threshold for control blocks. For example, if a company's officers and directors hold 3% of
the company's shares, and no other control group holds 5% of the company's shares, S&P would assign that company an IWF of
1.00, as no control group meets the 5% threshold. However, if a company's officers and directors hold 3% of the company's
shares and another control group holds 20% of the company's shares, S&P would assign an IWF of 0.77, reflecting the fact that
23% of the company's outstanding shares are considered to be held for control. As of July 31, 2017, companies with multiple
share class lines are no longer eligible for inclusion in the Reference Asset. Constituents of the Reference Asset prior to July 31,
2017 with multiple share class lines will be grandfathered in and continue to be included in the Reference Asset. If a constituent
company of the Reference Asset reorganizes into a multiple share class line structure, that company will remain in the Reference
Asset at the discretion of the S&P Index Committee in order to minimize turnover
The Reference Asset is calculated using a base-weighted aggregate methodology. The level of the Reference Asset reflects the
total market value of all 500 component stocks relative to the base period of the years 1941 through 1943. An indexed number is
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

used to represent the results of this calculation in order to make the level easier to use and track over time. The actual total market
value of the component stocks during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943 has been set to an indexed level of 10. This
is often indicated by the notation 1941-43 = 10. In practice, the daily calculation of the Reference Asset is computed by dividing
the total market value of the component stocks by the "index divisor." By itself, the index divisor is an arbitrary number. However,
in the context of the calculation of the Reference Asset, it serves as a link to the original base period level of the Reference Asset.
The index divisor keeps the Reference Asset comparable over time and is the manipulation point for all adjustments to the
Reference Asset, which is index maintenance.
I nde x M a int e na nc e
Index maintenance includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock
splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to company restructuring or spinoffs. Some corporate actions, such as
stock splits and stock dividends, require changes in the common shares outstanding and the stock prices of the companies in the
Reference Asset, and do not require index divisor adjustments.
To prevent the level of the Reference Asset from changing due to corporate actions, corporate actions which affect the total market
value of the Reference Asset require an index divisor adjustment. By adjusting the index divisor for the change in market value,
the level of the Reference Asset remains constant and does not reflect the corporate actions of individual companies in the
Reference Asset. Index divisor adjustments are made after the close of trading and after the calculation of the Reference Asset
closing level.
Changes in a company's total shares outstanding of 5% or more due to public offerings are made as soon as reasonably possible.
Other changes of 5% or more (for example, due to tender offers, Dutch auctions, voluntary exchange offers, company stock
repurchases, private placements, acquisitions of private companies or non-index companies that do not trade on a major exchange,
redemptions, exercise of options, warrants, conversion of preferred stock, notes, debt, equity participations, at-the-market stock
offerings or other recapitalizations) are made weekly, and are generally announced on Fridays for implementation after the close of
trading the following Friday (one week later). If a 5% or more share change causes a company's IWF to change by five percentage
points or more, the IWF is updated at the same time as the share change. IWF changes resulting from partial tender offers are
considered on a case-by-case basis.
Lic e nse Agre e m e nt
S&P® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow
Jones Trademark Holdings LLC ("Dow Jones"). These trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P. "Standard & Poor's®", "S&P
500®" and "S&P®" are trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. These trademarks have been sublicensed for
certain purposes by us. The Reference Asset is a product of S&P and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by us.
The Notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Standard & Poor's Financial Services
LLC or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, "S&P Dow Jones Indices"). S&P Dow Jones Indices make no representation
or warranty, express or implied, to the holders of the Notes or any member of the public regarding the advisability

P-9
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

of investing in securities generally or in the Notes particularly or the ability of the Reference Asset to track general market
performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices' only relationship to us with respect to the Reference Asset is the licensing of the Reference
Asset and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its third party licensors. The
Reference Asset is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to us or the Notes. S&P Dow
Jones Indices have no obligation to take our needs or the needs of holders of the Notes into consideration in determining,
composing or calculating the Reference Asset. S&P Dow Jones Indices are not responsible for and have not participated in the
determination of the prices, and amount of the Notes or the timing of the issuance or sale of the Notes or in the determination or
calculation of the equation by which the Notes are to be converted into cash. S&P Dow Jones Indices have no obligation or
liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Notes. There is no assurance that investment products
based on the Reference Asset will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

Indices LLC and its subsidiaries are not investment advisors. Inclusion of a security or futures contract within an index is not a
recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security or futures contract, nor is it considered to be
investment advice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may independently issue and/or sponsor
financial products unrelated to the Notes currently being issued by us, but which may be similar to and competitive with the Notes.
In addition, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may trade financial products which are linked to the performance of the Reference
Asset. It is possible that this trading activity will affect the value of the Notes.
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE
COMPLETENESS OF THE REFERENCE ASSET OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH
RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY
ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR
USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY US, HOLDERS OF THE NOTES, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY
FROM THE USE OF THE REFERENCE ASSET OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING
ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF
PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY
BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND US, OTHER
THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

P-10
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

H ist oric a l I nform a t ion
The graph below sets forth the information relating to the historical performance of the Reference Asset. In addition, below the
graph is a table setting forth the intra-day high, intra-day low and period-end closing levels of the Reference Asset. The
information provided in this table is for the period from January 1, 2013 through April 6, 2018.
We obtained the information regarding the historical performance of the Reference Asset in the chart below from Bloomberg
Financial Markets.
We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg Financial Markets.
The historical performance of the Reference Asset should not be taken as an indication of its future performance, and no assurance
can be given as to the Final Level of the Reference Asset. We cannot give you assurance that the performance of the Reference
Asset will result in any positive return on your initial investment.

P-11
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

S& P 5 0 0 ® I nde x ("SPX ")
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

H igh I nt ra -Da y Le ve l Low I nt ra -Da y Le ve l
Pe riod-End Closing
of t he Re fe re nc e
of
Le ve l of t he Re fe re nc e
Pe riod-St a rt Da t e
Pe riod-End Da t e
Asse t
t he Re fe re nc e Asse t
Asse t
1/1/2013

3/31/2013

1,570.28

1,426.19

1,569.19
4/1/2013

6/30/2013

1,687.18

1,536.03

1,606.28
7/1/2013

9/30/2013

1,729.86

1,604.57

1,681.55
10/1/2013

12/31/2013

1,849.44

1,646.47

1,848.36
1/1/2014

3/31/2014

1,883.97

1,737.92

1,872.34
4/1/2014

6/30/2014

1,968.17

1,814.36

1,960.23
7/1/2014

9/30/2014

2,019.26

1,904.78

1,972.29
10/1/2014

12/31/2014

2,093.55

1,820.66

2,058.90
1/1/2015

3/31/2015

2,119.59

1,980.90

2,067.89
4/1/2015

6/30/2015

2,134.72

2,048.38

2,063.11
7/1/2015

9/30/2015

2,132.82

1,867.01

1,920.03
10/1/2015

12/31/2015

2,116.48

1,893.70

2,043.94
1/1/2016

3/31/2016

2,072.21

1,810.10

2,059.74
4/1/2016

6/30/2016

2,120.55

1,991.68

2,098.86
7/1/2016

9/30/2016

2,193.81

2,074.02

2,168.27
10/1/2016

12/31/2016

2,277.53

2,083.79

2,238.83
1/1/2017

3/31/2017

2,400.98

2,245.13

2,362.72
4/1/2017

6/30/2017

2,453.82

2,328.95

2,423.41
7/1/2017

9/30/2017

2,519.44

2,407.70

2,519.36
10/1/2017

12/31/2017

2,694.97

2,520.40

2,673.61
1/1/2018

3/29/2018

2,872.87

2,532.69

2,640.87
4/1/2018

4/6/2018

2,672.08

2,553.80

2,604.47
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

P-12
RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Buffered Return Notes
Linked to the S&P 500® Index,
Due April 11, 2022

SU PPLEM EN T AL DI SCU SSI ON OF
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036118017901/form424b2.htm[4/10/2018 9:54:11 AM]

Document Outline

#1">
- #1">