Bond Royal Bank of Canada 0% ( US78014RAD26 ) in USD

Issuer Royal Bank of Canada
Market price 100 %  ⇌ 
Country  Canada
ISIN code  US78014RAD26 ( in USD )
Interest rate 0%
Maturity 22/05/2023 - Bond has expired



Prospectus brochure of the bond Royal Bank of Canada US78014RAD26 in USD 0%, expired


Minimal amount 1 000 USD
Total amount 2 500 000 USD
Cusip 78014RAD2
Standard & Poor's ( S&P ) rating N/A
Moody's rating Aa1 ( High grade - Investment-grade )
Detailed description The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) is a Canadian multinational financial services company offering personal and commercial banking, wealth management, insurance, and investment banking services globally.

The Bond issued by Royal Bank of Canada ( Canada ) , in USD, with the ISIN code US78014RAD26, pays a coupon of 0% per year.
The coupons are paid 2 times per year and the Bond maturity is 22/05/2023

The Bond issued by Royal Bank of Canada ( Canada ) , in USD, with the ISIN code US78014RAD26, was rated Aa1 ( High grade - Investment-grade ) by Moody's credit rating agency.







424B2 1 form424b2.htm PRICING SUPPLEMENT RBC 5NC LEVERAGED
RBC Ca pit a l M a rk e t s®
File d Pursua nt t o Rule 4 2 4 (b)(2 )
Re gist ra t ion St a t e m e nt N o. 3 3 3 -
2 0 8 5 0 7




Pricing Supplement
$2,500,000
Leveraged Steepener Notes, Due May
Dated May 18, 2018
22,
To the Product Prospectus Supplement FIN-1 Dated January 14, 2016,
2023
and the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement, each dated January 8,
Royal Bank of Canada
2016



Royal Bank of Canada is offering the Leveraged Steepener Notes (the "Notes") described below.
The CUSIP number for the Notes is 78014RAD2.
The Notes will pay interest quarterly, on the 22nd day of February, May, August and November of each year, commencing on
August 22, 2018. The interest rate on the Notes will depend on the "Reference Rate." The "Reference Rate" will be equal to the
difference between the 30 year CMS rate and the 2 year CMS rate. Interest will accrue at the following rates during the indicated
years of the term of the Notes:
·
Years 1-2:
3.375%
·
Years 3-5:
The Reference Rate multiplied by 8.5; provided that the interest rate can never be less than 0.00% per
annum.
The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.
Investing in the Notes involves a number of risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-1 of the prospectus supplement dated
January 8, 2016, "Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes" beginning on page PS-5 of the product prospectus supplement
FIN-1 dated January 14, 2016 and "Risk Factors" on page P-7 of this pricing supplement.
The Notes will not constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other Canadian or U.S. government agency or instrumentality.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined that this pricing supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The initial estimated value of the Notes as of the date of this pricing supplement is $988.15 per $1,000 in principal amount, which
is less than the price to public. The actual value of the Notes at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted with
accuracy, and may be less than this amount. We describe our determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC has offered the Notes at varying public offering prices, and will purchase the Notes from us on the issue
date at a purchase price that is 99.50% of the principal amount. See "Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)" on
page P-9 below.
We will deliver the Notes in book-entry only form through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company on May 22, 2018, against
payment in immediately available funds.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC




Leveraged Steepener Notes,
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Due May 22, 2023


SU M M ARY
The information in this "Summary" section is qualified by the more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement, the
product prospectus supplement FIN-1, the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus.
Issuer:
Royal Bank of Canada ("Royal Bank")
Issue:
Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series G
Underwriter:
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Currency:
U.S. Dollars
Minimum Investment:
$1,000 and minimum denominations of $1,000 in excess of $1,000
Pricing Date:
May 18, 2018
Issue Date:
May 22, 2018
Maturity Date:
May 22, 2023
CUSIP:
78014RAD2
Interest Rate:
Years 1-2:
3.375%

Years 3-5:
The value of the Reference Rate multiplied by 8.5; provided that the interest rate can never be less
than 0.00% per annum.
Reference Rate:
High-Side Reference Rate minus Low-Side Reference Rate
High-Side Reference
30 Year CMS Rate, as reported on Reuters Page ICESWAP1 or any successor page thereto at 11:00 am
Rate:
New York time
Low-Side Reference
2 Year CMS Rate, as reported on Reuters Page ICESWAP1 or any successor page thereto at 11:00 am
Rate:
New York time
Type of Note:
Your Notes are called a "Leveraged Steepener Note" because, from the beginning of year 3 until the
Maturity Date, the Notes bear a variable rate of interest at a "leveraged," or multiplied, rate, subject to a
maximum interest rate, if the High-Side Reference Rate exceeds the Low-Side Reference Rate. If the
High-Side Reference Rate does not exceed the Low-Side Reference Rate, interest will accrue at the rate
of 0.00% for that interest period. FOR EV ERY I N T EREST PERI OD T H AT T H E H I GH -SI DE
REFEREN CE RAT E DOES N OT EX CEED T H E LOW-SI DE REFEREN CE RAT E, Y OU WI LL
N OT RECEI V E A COU PON PAY M EN T .
Interest Determination Five U.S. government securities settlement days prior to the beginning of each interest period, beginning in
Dates:
the third year of the term of the Notes. A "U.S. government securities settlement day" is any day except a
Saturday, a Sunday, or a day on which The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (or any
successor thereto) recommends that the fixed income departments of its members be closed for the entire
day for purposes of trading in U.S. government securities.


P-2
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023

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Interest Payment
Quarterly, in arrears, on the 22nd day of February, May, August and November of each year, commencing
Dates:
on August 22, 2018 and ending on the Maturity Date. If any Interest Payment Date is not a New York or
London business day, interest will be paid on the next New York or London business day, without
adjustment for period end dates and no additional interest will be paid in respect of the postponement.
Redemption:
Redeemable only at maturity. We will not have the right to call the Notes prior to maturity.
Survivor's Option:
Not Applicable
Minimum Investment:
$1,000 (except for certain non-U.S. investors for whom the minimum investment will be higher)
U.S. Tax Treatment:
The Notes will be treated as debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We intend to take the
position that the Notes will be treated as contingent payment debt instruments. Please see the discussion

(including the opinion of our counsel Morrison & Foerster LLP) in the product prospectus supplement FIN-1
dated January 14, 2016 under "Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences" and
specifically the discussion under "Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences--
Supplemental U.S. Tax Considerations--Where the term of your notes will exceed one year--Leveraged
Steepener Notes," and under "Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences--
Supplemental U.S. Tax Considerations--Where the term of your notes will exceed one year--Rules
Applicable to Notes Treated as Contingent Payment Debt Instruments for Tax Purposes," which apply to
your Notes. These discussions do not address the tax consequences applicable to holders subject to
Section 451(b) of the Code.
Calculation Agent:
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Listing:
The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.
Clearance and
DTC global (including through its indirect participants Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg as
Settlement:
described under "Description of Debt Securities--Ownership and Book-Entry Issuance" in the prospectus
dated January 8, 2016).
Terms Incorporated in All of the terms appearing above the item captioned "Listing" on pages P-2 and P-3 of this pricing
the Master Note:
supplement and the applicable terms appearing under the caption "General Terms of the Notes" in the
product prospectus supplement FIN-1 dated January 14, 2016, as modified by this pricing supplement. In
addition to those terms, the following two sentences are also so incorporated into the master note: RBC
confirms that it fully understands and is able to calculate the effective annual rate of interest applicable to
the Notes based on the methodology for calculating per annum rates provided for in the Notes. RBC
irrevocably agrees not to plead or assert Section 4 of the Interest Act (Canada), whether by way of
defense or otherwise, in any proceeding relating to the Notes.


P-3
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


ADDI T I ON AL T ERM S OF Y OU R N OT ES
You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus dated January 8, 2016, as supplemented by the
prospectus supplement dated January 8, 2016 and the product prospectus supplement FIN-1 dated January 14, 2016, relating to
our Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series G, of which these Notes are a part. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this
pricing supplement will have the meanings given to them in the product prospectus supplement FIN-1. In the event of any conflict,
this pricing supplement will control. The Notes vary from the terms described in the product prospectus supplement FIN-1 in
several important ways. You should read this pricing supplement carefully.
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This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes all
prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms,
correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, brochures or other educational materials of ours.
You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in "Risk Factors" in the prospectus supplement dated
January 8, 2016, "Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes" in the product prospectus supplement FIN-1 dated January 14,
2016 and "Additional Risk Factors" in this pricing supplement, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt
securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors before you invest in the Notes. You
may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if that address has changed, by reviewing our
filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
Prospectus dated January 8, 2016:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000121465916008810/j18160424b3.htm
Prospectus Supplement dated January 8, 2016:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000121465916008811/p14150424b3.htm
Product Prospectus Supplement FIN-1 dated January 14, 2016:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036116047762/form424b5.htm
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, the "Company," "we,"
"us," or "our" refers to Royal Bank of Canada.


P-4
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


H I ST ORI CAL I N FORM AT I ON
Historically, the High-Side Reference Rate and the Low-Side Reference Rate, and the difference between them, have
experienced significant fluctuations. Any historical upward or downward trend in these rates during any period shown below is not
an indication that the interest payable on the Notes is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time during the term of the
Notes. Royal Bank cannot make any assurances that the future levels of the High-Side Reference Rate and the Low-Side
Reference Rate will result in holders of the Notes receiving interest payments after the first four quarterly payments.
The Reference Rate was 0.347% on May 18, 2018. The graph below sets forth the historical performance of the Reference
Rate from June 26, 2000 through May 18, 2018.
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Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Historical Period

Total number of days in the historical period
4,669
Number of days the High-Side Reference Rate was greater than the Low-Side Reference Rate
4,665
Number of days the High-Side Reference Rate was not greater than the Low-Side Reference Rate
4
The historical performance shown above is not indicative of future performance.


P-5
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


H Y POT H ET I CAL EX AM PLES
The table below presents examples of the hypothetical interest which will accrue on the Notes with a principal amount of
$1,000 after the second year of the term of the Notes. The examples below are for purposes of illustration only. The actual interest
payments will depend on the actual difference between the High-Side Reference Rate and the Low-Side Reference Rate on each
interest determination date. The applicable interest rate for each interest period will be determined on a per-annum basis but will
apply only to that interest period.
H ypot he t ic a l Diffe re nc e be t w e e n t he H igh-Side
H ypot he t ic a l I nt e re st
H ypot he t ic a l Qua rt e rly
minus Low -Side Re fe re nc e Ra t e s
Ra t e (pe r a nnum )
I nt e re st Pa ym e nt
-2.00%
0.00%
$0.00
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-1.85%
0.00%
$0.00
-1.70%
0.00%
$0.00
-1.55%
0.00%
$0.00
-1.40%
0.00%
$0.00
-1.25%
0.00%
$0.00
-1.10%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.95%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.80%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.65%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.50%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.35%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.20%
0.00%
$0.00
-0.05%
0.00%
$0.00
0.10%
0.85%
$2.13
0.25%
2.13%
$5.31
0.40%
3.40%
$8.50
0.55%
4.68%
$11.69
0.70%
5.95%
$14.88
0.85%
7.23%
$18.06
1.00%
8.50%
$21.25
1.15%
9.78%
$24.44
1.30%
11.05%
$27.63
1.45%
12.33%
$30.81
1.60%
13.60%
$34.00
1.75%
14.88%
$37.19
1.90%
16.15%
$40.38
2.05%
17.43%
$43.56


P-6
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


RI SK FACT ORS
The Notes involve risks not associated with an investment in ordinary floating rate notes. An investment in Leveraged
Steepener Notes entails significant risks not associated with similar investments in a conventional debt security, including, but not
limited to, fluctuations in the High-Side Reference Rate and the Low-Side Reference Rate and other events that are difficult to
predict and beyond our control. This section describes the most significant risks relating to the terms of the Notes. For additional
information as to the risks related to an investment in the Notes, please see the accompanying product prospectus supplement,
prospectus supplement and prospectus. You should carefully consider whether the Notes are suited to your particular
circumstances before you decide to purchase them. Accordingly, prospective investors should consult their financial and legal
advisers as to the risks entailed by an investment in the Notes and the suitability of the Notes in light of their particular
circumstances.
Aft e r t he Se c ond Y e a r of t he N ot e s, t he Am ount of I nt e re st Pa ya ble I s U nc e rt a in a nd Could Be
0 .0 0 % . During the variable interest rate period, the amount of interest payable on the Notes in any interest period will depend on
whether and the extent to which the High-Side Reference Rate is greater than the Low-Side Reference Rate on the related interest
determination date. If the High-Side Reference Rate does not exceed the Low-Side Reference Rate on any interest determination
date, the rate of interest payable for the related interest payment period will be 0%. As a result, the effective yield on the Notes
may be less than what would be payable on our conventional notes of comparable maturity. The actual interest payments on the
Notes and return of only the principal amount at maturity may not compensate you for the effects of inflation and other factors
relating to the value of money over time.
I nve st ors Are Subje c t t o Our Cre dit Risk , a nd Our Cre dit Ra t ings a nd Cre dit Spre a ds M a y Adve rse ly
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Affe c t t he M a rk e t V a lue of t he N ot e s. Investors are dependent on Royal Bank's ability to pay all amounts due on the Notes
on interest payment dates and at maturity, and, therefore, investors are subject to the credit risk of Royal Bank and to changes in
the market's view of Royal Bank's creditworthiness. Any decrease in Royal Bank's credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads
charged by the market for taking Royal Bank's credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the Notes.
T he I nit ia l Est im a t e d V a lue of t he N ot e s I s Le ss t ha n t he Pric e t o t he Public . The initial estimated value
set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our
affiliates would be willing to purchase the Notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the Notes
prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is due to,
among other things, changes in the level of the Reference Rate, the borrowing rate we pay to issue securities of this kind, and the
inclusion in the price to the public of the underwriting discount and the estimated costs relating to our hedging of the Notes. These
factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the Notes, are expected to reduce the price at
which you may be able to sell the Notes in any secondary market and will affect the value of the Notes in complex and
unpredictable ways. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which you may be
able to sell your Notes prior to maturity may be less than your original purchase price, as any such sale price would not be
expected to include the underwriting discount and the hedging costs relating to the Notes. In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value
of the Notes determined for any secondary market price is expected to be based on the secondary rate rather than the internal
funding rate used to price the Notes and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary price will be less than if
the internal funding rate was used. The Notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be
able and willing to hold your Notes to maturity.
T he I nit ia l Est im a t e d V a lue of t he N ot e s I s a n Est im a t e Only, Ca lc ula t e d a s of t he T im e t he T e rm s of
t he N ot e s We re Se t . The initial estimated value of the Notes is based on the value of our obligation to make the payments on
the Notes, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the Notes. See "Structuring the Notes"
below. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our credit spreads, expectations as to interest


P-7
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


rates and volatility, and the expected term of the Notes. These assumptions are based on certain forecasts about future events,
which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities may value the Notes or similar securities at a price that is significantly different
than we do.
The value of the Notes at any time after the pricing date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market
conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold the Notes in any
secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from the initial estimated value of your Notes.
Re c e nt Re gula t ory I nve st iga t ions Re ga rding Pot e nt ia l M a nipula t ion of t he H igh Side Re fe re nc e Ra t e
a nd t he Low Side Re fe re nc e Ra t e M a y Adve rse ly Affe c t Y our N ot e s. It has been reported that certain U.S. and non-
U.S. regulators are investigating potential manipulation of these rates and other swap rates. If such manipulation occurred, it may
have resulted in these rates being artificially lower (or higher) than it or they would otherwise have been. Any changes or reforms
affecting the determination or supervision of these rates in light of these investigations may result in a sudden or prolonged
increase or decrease in these reported rates, which may have an adverse impact on the trading market for CMS-benchmarked
securities, such as the Notes, the market value of your notes and the payments on your Notes after the second year of their term.
U nc e rt a int y About t he Fut ure of LI BOR a nd T he Pot e nt ia l Disc ont inua nc e of LI BOR M a y Adve rse ly Affe c t t he
V a lue of t he N ot e s. T he Re fe re nc e Ra t e s Are Ba se d on H ypot he t ic a l I nt e re st Ra t e Sw a ps Re fe re nc ing 3 -
M ont h U .S. Dolla r LI BOR. The Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the "FCA"), which regulates
LIBOR, has recently announced that the FCA intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of
LIBOR after 2021. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any such changes on 3-month U.S. dollar LIBOR and,
therefore, the High Side Reference Rate and the Low Side Reference Rate. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes
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or other reforms may adversely affect the payments on the Notes after the second year of their term, and accordingly, the value of
and the trading market for the Notes during their term. If either of these rates are discontinued, the Calculation Agent will have
significant discretion in determining the interest payable on the Notes.


P-8
RBC Capital Markets, LLC



Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


SU PPLEM EN T AL PLAN OF DI ST RI BU T I ON (CON FLI CT S OF I N T EREST )
Delivery of the Notes will be made against payment for the Notes on May 22, 2018, which is the second (2nd) business
day following the Pricing Date (this settlement cycle being referred to as "T+2"). For additional information as to the relationship
between us and RBC Capital Markets, LLC please see the section "Plan of Distribution?Conflicts of Interest" in the prospectus
dated January 8, 2016.
The value of the Notes shown on your account statement may be based on RBCCM's estimate of the value of the Notes if
RBCCM or another of our affiliates were to make a market in the Notes (which it is not obligated to do). That estimate will be
based upon the price that RBCCM may pay for the Notes in light of then prevailing market conditions, our creditworthiness and
transaction costs. For a period of up to approximately six months after the issue date of the Notes, the value of the Notes that may
be shown on your account statement is expected to be higher than RBCCM's estimated value of the Notes at that time. This is
because the estimated value of the Notes will not include the underwriting discount and our hedging costs and profits; however,
the value of the Notes shown on your account statement during that period may initially be a higher amount, reflecting the addition
of RBCCM's underwriting discount and our estimated costs and profits from hedging the Notes. This excess is expected to
decrease over time until the end of this period. After this period, if RBCCM repurchases your Notes, it expects to do so at prices
that reflect their estimated value.
We may use this pricing supplement in the initial sale of the Notes. In addition, RBC Capital Markets, LLC or another of
our affiliates may use this pricing supplement in a market-making transaction in the Notes after their initial sale. Unless we or our
agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this pricing supplement is being used in a market-
making transaction.
ST RU CT U RI N G T H E N OT ES
The Notes are our debt securities, the return on which is linked to the Reference Rate. As is the case for all of our debt
securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the Notes reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness at the
time of pricing. In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us,
we typically borrow the funds under these Notes at a rate that is more favorable to us than the rate that we might pay for a
conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. Using this relatively lower implied borrowing rate rather
than the secondary market rate, is a factor that reduced the initial estimated value of the Notes at the time their terms were set.
Unlike the estimated value included in this pricing supplement, any value of the Notes determined for purposes of a secondary
market transaction may be based on a different funding rate, which may result in a lower value for the Notes than if our initial
internal funding rate were used.
In order to satisfy our payment obligations under the Notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements
(which may include call options, put options or other derivatives) on the issue date with RBCCM or one of our other subsidiaries.
The terms of these hedging arrangements take into account a number of factors, including our creditworthiness, interest rate
movements, the volatility of the Reference Rate, and the tenor of the Notes. The economic terms of the Notes and their initial
estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.
The lower implied borrowing rate is a factor that reduces the economic terms of the Notes to you. The initial offering price
of the Notes also reflects the underwriting commission and our estimated hedging costs. These factors result in the initial
estimated value for the Notes on the pricing date being less than their public offering price. See "Risk Factors--The Initial
Estimated Value of the Notes Is Less than the Price to the Public" above.


P-9
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
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Leveraged Steepener Notes,
Due May 22, 2023


V ALI DI T Y OF T H E N OT ES
In the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, the issue and sale of the Notes has been duly authorized by all
necessary corporate action of the Bank in conformity with the Indenture, and when the Notes have been duly executed,
authenticated and issued in accordance with the Indenture and delivered against payment therefor, the Notes will be validly issued
and, to the extent validity of the Notes is a matter governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario or Québec, or the laws of
Canada applicable therein, and will be valid obligations of the Bank, subject to equitable remedies which may only be granted at
the discretion of a court of competent authority, subject to applicable bankruptcy, to rights to indemnity and contribution under the
Notes or the Indenture which may be limited by applicable law; to insolvency and other laws of general application affecting
creditors' rights, to limitations under applicable limitations statutes, and to limitations as to the currency in which judgments in
Canada may be rendered, as prescribed by the Currency Act (Canada). This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to
the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Québec and the federal laws of Canada applicable thereto. In addition, this opinion is
subject to customary assumptions about the Trustee's authorization, execution and delivery of the Indenture and the genuineness of
signatures and certain factual matters, all as stated in the letter of such counsel dated January 8, 2016, which has been filed as
Exhibit 5.1 to Royal Bank's Form 6-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2016.
In the opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP, when the Notes have been duly completed in accordance with the Indenture and
issued and sold as contemplated by the prospectus supplement and the prospectus, the Notes will be valid, binding and
enforceable obligations of Royal Bank, entitled to the benefits of the Indenture, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and
similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability
(including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith). This opinion is given as of the date
hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York. This opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the Trustee's
authorization, execution and delivery of the Indenture and the genuineness of signatures and to such counsel's reliance on the
Bank and other sources as to certain factual matters, all as stated in the legal opinion dated January 8, 2016, which has been filed
as Exhibit 5.2 to the Bank's Form 6-K dated January 8, 2016.



P-10
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
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Document Outline